中原生态经济区的建设与规划分析

中原生态经济区强调同时实现环境、经济、社会效益,侧重相互合作与整体利益,突出资源的节约共用与可持续发展,是工业系统、交换系统、社会网络、文化氛围的营造以及各种基础设施的物质空间建设,其健康运行需要区域经济发展、综合治理、循环经济发展、生态工业网络的政策支持。     

Unpacking systemic innovation capacity as strategic ambidexterity: How projects dynamically configure capabilities for agricultural innovation

Problems in agriculture and land use are increasingly recognised as complex, uncertain, operating at multiple levels (field to global value chains) and involving social, economic, institutional, and technological change. This has implications for how projects navigate complexity to achieve impact. However, few studies have systematically evaluated how project actors engage with other actors to configure capabilities and resources across multiple levels in agricultural innovation systems (AIS), from the individual to the network, to mobilise and build systemic innovation capacity. An analytical framework conceptualising the nested configuration of capabilities at multiple levels in the AIS is applied to two projects that successfully tackled agricultural and land management problems of differing complexity: (i) improving lamb survival; and (ii) sustainable land management in New Zealand. Findings indicate that innovation capacity constitutes project actors interacting with other AIS actors to configure capabilities and resources at different levels of the AIS in order to leverage positive project path dependencies and break path dependencies that are created by existing and historical capability configurations. Project actors also balance exploiting existing innovation capabilities, as well as using adaptive capability for exploring and creating new capability configurations to respond to emerging circumstances. This implies that projects should have strategic ambidexterity in terms of how they combine exploiting existing and exploring new networks to access, combine, create, or disconnect certain capabilities to address ‘capability voids’ in AIS. This requires support to projects to constantly scrutinise, through reflexive monitoring by dedicated facilitators, specific agriculture and land use policies connected to major sustainable development models (e.g. climate smart agriculture, urban farming, smart farming). The can help assess whether the AIS provides the right mix of capabilities and whether this is adequately supported by innovation policy, to realize transformative policy objectives.     

企业如何利用社会网络提升吸收能力

在知识经济的背景下,吸收能力被认为是企业提升绩效和增强创新的战略能力.社会网络被认为可以对潜在的吸收能力和实现的吸收能力都产生积极影响.本文从社会网络的关系层面,从外部和内部两个视角,分别阐述了社会网络如何影响吸收能力的两个维度.本文还从提升吸能力的视角,提出了有效构建和维护社会网络的措施.     

森林资源资产组合随机控制模型及决策

在界定了森林生态资产与森林资源资产组合概念的基础上,构建和模拟了基于随机控制理论的森林资源资产组合模型,为森林经营管理者提出了相应的结论和建议:森林经营管理者可以根据最优采伐量与木材价格、补偿价格、成本系数、税率、贴现率、生长率等参数之间的关系,获得在市场经济变动条件下的最优森林资产组合,以保证森林资产净收益的稳定增长。     

Assessing recreation carrying capacity of the environment attributes based on visitors’ willingness to pay

Recreation carrying capacity (RCC) is one of the most important indictors used in measuring the usage limits for the forest park resources. However, the consensus has not been reached with respect to the RCC’s content and its measuring metrics. In this paper, we attempt to establish a new RCC theoretical framework based on the demand theory of the tourism product characteristics. In the process, the choice experiment and orthogonal design methods are used in questionnaire designs and the conditional Logit model is used for parameter estimates. More than 700 park visitors are surveyed for data collection at the Shenyang National Forest park of Liaoning province in China. The primary park attributes being considered encompass vegetation, coverage, water quality, number of rubbish on the park trail path, admission fees, and congestion. The carrying capacity threshold for each specific attribute is identified.     

基于Logistic模型的东北地区粮食生产能力影响因素研究——以宾县为例

[目的]粮食生产能力关系到粮食供给和国家粮食安全,如何提高粮食生产能力是我国亟待解决的问题。文章以宾县为例,通过一定的方法探索粮食生产能力的影响机制,最终提出提高粮食生产能力的合理建议。[方法]利用农户调查数据,借助Logistic模型探讨自然因素和社会经济因素对粮食生产能力的影响特点。[结果](1)品种技术推广、作物收益对粮食生产能力的影响效应在1%水平上达到显著;(2)生育期变化、土地质量、旱灾、耕作方式对粮食生产能力的影响效应在5%水平上达到显著;(3)温度、降水、冷害及农业生产资料投入对粮食生产能力的影响效应在10%水平上达到显著;(4)温度与降水是否集中在生育期内、出售情况、农业引导政策对粮食生产能力的影响不显著。[结论]针对研究结果,该文提出,可从预防低温冷害、健全水利设施、完善耕地保护制度及加强农业基础设施建设等方面提高粮食生产能力。     

北部湾城市群自然资本利用状况、空间分析与驱动因素

以北部湾城市群为例用三维生态足迹模型、偏最小二乘法、空间计量模型分析了其自然资本利用状况、空间相关性、驱动因素。结论:(1)城市群自然资本利用处于不可持续状态;(2)自然资本利用程度划分为低、中、高三类,城市也相应分成三类;(3)自然资本利用的主要驱动因素是人口因素、社会经济;(4)空间分析显示全局莫兰指数为正,空间集聚显著,表明自然资本利用存在空间正相关;空间误差模型拟合度最好,并证明自然资本存量占用与人口总量正相关,与GDP总额负相关。     

RS和GIS支持下的县域生态红线划定技术研究——以四川省汶川县为例

"生态保护红线"是我国在生态保护领域的一项制度创新,"生态保护红线"的划定对维护我国生态安全具有重要战略意义。目前,我国"生态保护红线"的划定工作尚处于起步状态,在此背景下,采用遥感技术(RS)与空间信息技术(GIS)相结合的方法,以汶川县为例,研究县域尺度下的生态红线划定技术,研究结果表明,占汶川县辖区面积的62%属于生态功能红线保护范围。     

辽东湾沿海及内陆土地利用生态环境效应对比分析

以位于辽东湾北部的营口市和辽宁省内部的鞍山市为研究区,引用研究区土地利用图形数据,通过将景观斑块分类的方法,对辽东湾沿海及内陆城市的土地利用生态环境效应进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)辽东湾的优势景观为林地和旱地。(2)鞍山市的区域生态环境指数为0.43,营口市的区域生态环境指数为0.51。辽东湾沿海城市较内陆城市生态环境好。     

基于PSR模型的佳木斯市土地生态安全综合评价

研究基于PSR模型框架,从压力、状态、响应等3个准则层入手构建佳木斯土地生态安全的评价指标体系,结合熵权与变异系数的综合确权法测算各指标权重,对佳木斯市2000~2012年土地资源生态安全进行综合评价,划定其安全等级。研究表明:2000~2012年,佳木斯市的土地生态安全系统的压力指数整体低于状态指数与响应指数,呈先上升后下降再上升的波动形变化趋势,压力指数从0.084上升到0.129,下降到0.041,再上升到0.157;土地生态安全状态指数呈现先增长又下降的变化趋势,从0.158增长到0.251,再下降到0.208;土地安全状态响应指数呈现平缓的增长变化趋势,从0.140增长到0.308;压力指数、状态指数和响应指数共同决定佳木斯市土地生态安全评价的综合指数,土地生态安全指数呈现先增长后下降再增长的变化趋势,从0.381增长到0.494,下降到0.464,再增长到0.673。考察期内佳木斯土地生态安全整体处于临界安全状态,2012年上升至较安全等级。该结论为佳木斯市制定改善土地生态安全的措施提供理论依据。